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Anything you need to know about Prosper.com
It's never easy to say no to someone you love, especially when they come to you in need of cash. But lending a financial hand can leave you out of money and out of sorts with your friends and relatives.
I often hear from people who have loaned money to someone they care about deeply, only to have to deal with the fallout when they don't get repaid.
Four Pitfalls to Avoid
According to Circle Lending, a company that helps formalize loans between individuals, about 14 percent of loans between friends and family end up in default, compared to just 1 percent or so for bank loans.
To protect yourself financially and emotionally, make sure you don't fall for my top four costliest mistakes individuals make when loaning money to friends and family:
When someone comes to you for a loan, your first thought should be, Why? That is, why do they need the money, and why are they asking you for help.
Be incredibly cautious about why they need the money. A friend who gets hit with unexpected health-care bills and is worried about putting them on his credit card at 18 percent interest is a lot different from a friend who needs you to bail him out to settle a gambling debt, or to finance a vacation.
You also need to think hard about why they haven't been able to get a loan from a more conventional source. If a family member comes to you for a loan to start a business, you should ask -- out loud -- why can't he or she get a loan from a bank or the Small Business Administration.
My point is that there are plenty of folks in the business of lending money. If your relative or friend can't get money from one of them, it should set off an alarm for you.
Never loan money that you truly need. The best litmus test before you agree to give a loan is to ask yourself if you would be comfortable giving the money away as a gift. If the money is too central to your own financial well-being, then just say no.
There's no guilt or shame in that. If you're dealing with someone who truly loves you, they'll understand. All it takes is a bit of honesty: "As much as I would love to help, I don't have that sort of money to share right now, given all my bills and retirement goals."
You aren't saying, "No, I won't loan you money." You're saying, "My own financial situation makes it impossible for me to help you right now."
Say your brother is excited about a business idea, and he wants you to loan him $20,000 to help with the startup costs. This loan is the riskiest of all; your money is actually an investment in a business that may never make a penny.
The only way you're going to be repaid is if the business is a big success. But that's a big "if." It's important to be extra careful with such "dream" loans; the odds of repayments are a lot lower than advancing money to someone who has a steady source of income that will allow them to quickly start repaying you in installments.
Handshakes, hugs, and kisses are not good enough for sealing a loan agreement. Put everything in writing. In fact, that's another good way to size up the credibility of the person who needs your money: They should tell you right off the bat that they want to sign a formal loan document that spells out all the terms of the deal.
That's a sign that they respect not just you, but the importance of what they're asking you to do. If you have to ask for a contract, that should be yet another warning signal.
Commuting costs are generally not deductible. But if you establish a carpool and you're reimbursed in amounts sufficient to cover the cost of your repairs, gas and similar items used in connection with operating your car to and from work, then you've converted personal nondeductible expenses into excludable income.
Assume you're in the 25% bracket for 2006 and 2007. You have to earn $133 per month to cover a $100 monthly commuting expense. If you have a carpool arrangement with expenses being reimbursed, you've got no additional income. But you do have an additional $133 per month in wealth!
Sell your houseYou don't have to reinvest the money, and you can claim the exclusion every two years. (If you've got $500,000 in gain every two years, I want to meet your real estate agent and go shopping!)
If you don't meet the two-year rule, you can get a partial exclusion based on the time of use and ownership. Assume you sold after only one year and had a $50,000 profit. Your exclusion is half the $250,000, not half the $50,000 profit. In this case, you'd pay zero tax on the sale.
But this partial exclusion is only if the sale is required because of either a change in place of employment, health reasons or unforeseen circumstances. I haven't yet seen final regulations defining "unforeseen circumstances." My understanding is that the IRS is going to be flexible here.
Tax-free compensationYou get the idea. Any time you can convert taxable income into non-taxable income, you've given yourself a raise. And when both you and your company save money, it's a win-win for everybody.
Get creative…in most cases you're paying for the items anyway, and on an after-tax basis. It's really relatively simple.
Other than insurance salesmen, no one likes to talk about life insurance. After all, no one wants to be reminded about their looming death. However, it's hard not to suspect that keeping this subject taboo is more in the interest of insurance companies than consumers. Better informed buyers are more likely to spend wisely. And like dentistry, life insurance can't be ignored forever.
Five for the Money usually advises readers on how to spend or invest wisely. This week, we're twisting it slightly to look at some of the biggest mistakes people make after inhaling deeply and deciding that as adults, they should probably pick up some life insurance.
1. Don't buy the wrong amount
There are rules of thumb about exactly how much life insurance one needs, with 5 to 10 times an annual salary being a common guideline. But these numbers should be taken for what they are: very general numbers. They don't account for an individual's requirements (see BusinessWeek.com, 2/21/05, "Scared to Death of Life Insurance"). "The need that we're often talking about is an income replacement," says David Greene, of financial planning firm Cooper, Jones & McLeland, so that survivors don't encounter financial havoc in the wake of a loved one's death.Starting from the conventional wisdom, Greene says policy holders with a good pension might be able to get by with less than the standard amount. A more common problem is not buying enough—this is even truer in cases where small children are involved. Greene and other experts caution that lump-sum payments that look substantial on paper often don't add up to much compared with a consistent salary spread over many years. Then again, it's hard to imagine too many complaints about receiving too much insurance
2. Don't trust just any insurance agent—shop around
The life insurance options available are dizzying. Charles Massimo, president of CJM Fiscal Management, which works with wealthy clients in Garden City, N.Y., advises against limiting yourself to insurance advisers who are "captive" to one company. This is doubly true for people worried about their health. Insurers calculate risk factors independently of each other, so they won't all give health conditions such as heart disease the same consideration in evaluating an application. "Some [companies] are more aggressive with different risk factors," Greene says. A good place to compare offers from different insurers is Insure.com.
Weighing your options doesn't end with the purchase of a policy. "The standard is, people buy insurance and they put the deposit in the safe-deposit box and never look at it again," Greene says. That's a mistake. The fact is people's circumstances change, and so do the offerings from insurance companies. The policy that best fit your circumstances five years ago might not always be the right choice.
3. Don't be cagey
Most people would rather not talk about their life insurance, what with its intimations of mortality and the implication—still considered tacky in some circles—that a dollar amount can be placed on human life. But if holders don't talk about their policies with the beneficiaries, letting them know what company holds the policy, if not the amount, something worse can happen: Human life becomes worth no dollar amount at all.
Sometimes survivors simply don't know about the deceased's policies, says Steven Weisbart, an economist with the Insurance Information Institute. "It happens much more than it should," he says.
Corporate consolidation can also complicate matters. A policy bought 40 years ago could have been through an outfit that has since been assimilated by an insurance giant. Insurance companies, Weisbart says, like to pay out on policies as it makes for good public relations. Even so, it "becomes very hard to make a claim unless you've got good documentation," he adds. Not knowing where to begin can't help.
4. Don't forget, the world goes on
One of the hardest things for life insurance policy holders to realize is that they'll no longer be around when the insurance pays out. The purpose of it is to protect their immediate family or beneficiaries.
Weisbart says insufficient foresight can hurt relatives. For example: Say a policy holder's spouse receives health insurance from the policy holder's employer. In planning how much a life insurance policy pays, then, the primary caregiver should account for the spouse no longer receiving health insurance. In a slightly less dramatic example, buyers should remain aware that the cost of big expenses like college will continue to increase after they pass away.
5. Don't depend on employer insurance
When asked about life insurance, it can be easy to choose a policy provided by an employer with the premium deducted from a paycheck. But those policies can often provide a false sense of security. Among their other problems, they sometimes expire at retirement, when buying a more comprehensive policy could be more costly.
Worse, group life insurance is less tailored to an individual's health and needs. And often, the policy isn't worth enough money, Weisbart says. "Most group life coverage [plans] are really pretty modest, one or two times salary," he says. "In relation to what [beneficiaries] need, it's not a lot of money." In the end, buying the wrong policy can leave your family shortchanged.
After looking at all the costs involved in buying house, you may have begun to have second thoughts: Perhaps, it is better to rent a home.
Real estate in most areas today is not a top investment compared with investment securities. "You're not going to get a 30 percent return on your house," said Steve O'Connor, senior director of residential finance at the Mortgage Bankers Association of America. In the past decade, people have been advised to think of a home "as shelter not investment" O'Connor said. "Wealth accumulation is secondary."
Still, as shelter, most experts say if you can afford the down payment, it makes sense to buy your home rather than rent it. That's because you can deduct mortgage interest on income tax and build equity in your property. This is especially true when mortgage interest rates are low. Mortgage interest rates are deductible up to a $100,000 annual limit.
Example
A homeowner has a gross annual income of $40,000. The monthly mortgage payment is $1,000 on a 30-year mortgage. In the first few years, 80 percent of that payment goes to interest and is therefore tax deductible. In the 15 percent tax bracket, the homeowner saved about $375 more in taxes with the home provision versus with only a standard deduction.
Lease-Purchase Agreements
Some people take a middle road. They ease into homeownership by renting a house or condominium with an option to buy.
• Lease-purchase gives a buyer time to save for a down payment or to clean up a credit history.
• It can work in a buyer's favor in areas where real estate values are rising quickly at a rate of 10 percent a year. A buyer benefits from this appreciation because the purchase price of the home is locked in on the day the buyer signed the rent-to-own contract with the seller.
• In most agreements, the seller allows a portion of the rent to be applied towards the purchase price, which some lenders consider to be part of the down payment. The amount of rent credited could be 10 percent to 100 percent, based on your contract.
• Most rent-to-own options require some down payment to secure the agreement, which is not refundable in case the renter decides not to buy.
Homeowners who would agree to a lease-purchase option include people who have had property on the market longer than they wish or owners who had to move and want the house to be lived in. The owner benefits with rental income to help pay the carrying costs of the home, and the strong possibility of selling the house when the contract expires.
Finding financing may seem like a daunting task, but before sending a business plan to a dozen venture capitalist firms, look at what's right in front of you.
Many experts suggest getting your idea off the ground with a little help from your friends and family for starters.
In the first phase of fundraising, angel investors, who invest their own cash, are also generally the way to go, according to David Rose, chairman of New York Angels, a group of accredited angel investors.
Angel investors, which generally fit in after friends and family and before VCs, may invest anywhere from $10,000 to $200,000. Sometimes groups of angel investors will pool their funds and invest up to $750,000.
Alternatively, a venture capitalist firm might be willing to invest a few million, but will require a very well honed financial plan and a significant return on their investment.
Shazi Visram, founder and CEO organic baby food company Happy Baby, admits that raising the first couple of thousand dollars was really difficult. Many venture capitalists "said it was too early," she said.
Visram and her partner, Jessica Rolph, turned to friends, family members and other angel investors to raise the $550,000 they needed to get their baby food business off the ground.
"Angels believe in you - are investing in you," Visram said. In the beginning "we didn't need enough [money] for a VC to get excited about."
But once Visram and Rolph got Happy Baby going, they launched a second round of funding to bring the business from the regional to the national market. At that point they were able to successfully draw on venture capital resources.
A little more than a year later, Happy Baby is carried by national gourmet grocery chains including Whole Foods and Wild Oats.
Go where the money is
Venture capitalists consider many factors in addition to the product, including the team, the marketplace, the business plan and the path to profitability. But investors agree that passion and persistence are also crucial.
Howard Morgan, partner at the New York-based venture capital firm First Round Capital which typically considers investments between $200,000 and $500,000, said entrepreneurs "have to have vision and unshakeable passion," but at the same time, should be realistic about their idea, their goals and their potential to make money.
Rose recommends getting a good understanding of the market, what else is out there and where investors are putting their money before attempting to negotiate a deal. With a little research, you can find a VC firm that's well suited for the concept you are pitching. Also, be realistic about how much money investors may be willing to put behind your idea.
The bottom line is that investors want to make money. In fact, considering the number of businesses that never take off, investors have to make their money back on the ones that do. So they are looking for a "big, big, big return," Rose said. That could mean 10 to 20 times their original investment.
To that end, one way to get the door slammed in your face is to promise a certain return on the investment by a specific date. "Don't say things that aren't true," Morgan advised.
Another sure fire way to get denied, he added, is an executive summary that declares "this is the only." Morgan and Rose agreed that if it is the right time for your idea then there are probably others out there thinking about it too.
Rose, who has been approached by three separate teams in the same week to produce and distribute high-end rum, says "you can never know what the investors have seen before," so "don't be naive to think that you are unique."
Savings and Investments
The first source you should consider is your own savings and investments. One disadvantage though of self-financing is that if things did not turn out the way you want them to be it will be your money that goes down with the ship.
Angel Investors
Angel investors are affluent individuals who provide capital for a business start-up, usually in exchange for ownership equity. These individuals are looking for a higher rate of return than would be given by more traditional investments (typically 25% or more).
Angel investors are an excellent source of early stage financing and high-growth start-ups. They are often willing to tread where there is too much risk for banks and not enough profit potential for venture capitalists. And since angel investors are often retired business owners and executives, they can also provide valuable management advice and important contacts.
Peer to Peer Lending
Peer-to-peer lending is a means by which borrowers and lenders may transact business without the traditional intermediaries, such as banks. It can also be known as social Lending, ordinary people lending money. The process may include other intermediaries who package and resell the loans--examples are Prosper and Zopa-but the loans are ultimately sold to individuals or pools of individuals. Prosper.com, which is available in the
An enabling technology for peer-to-peer lending has been the internet, which connects borrowers with lenders, for example through an auction-like process in which the lender willing to provide the lowest interest rate "wins" the borrower's loan. (wikipedia.com)
Money pool
Instead of a bank loan, borrow smaller sums from several family members, friends, or colleagues. The lenders have no legal ownership in the business, but can act as advisors and cheerleaders for your venture. Remember though that nothing causes tension in a family like lending money that is never paid back.
Credit Cards
Many business owners use their credit cards to fund their businesses. Credit cards offer the ability to make purchases or obtain cash advances and pay them at a later time. But as a long-term financing method, they can be expensive. Most credit cards will charge you 2% to 4% of the face value of a cash advance as a "fee" making this method of financing very risky.
Bootstrapping
Another source of capital for setting up a business is bootstrapping. It is a way to finance a business by saving rather than borrowing money. It's being as frugal as possible so your business can be started on as little cash as possible.
While bootstrapping involves a risk for the founders, the absence of any other stakeholder gives the founders more freedom to develop the company. Many successful companies including Dell Computers were founded this way.
Venture Capital
Venture capital is not suitable for all entrepreneurs. It is an option for small companies that have a seasoned management team and very aggressive growth plans; however, venture capitalists will rarely invest in small businesses that have no intention of going public. If a company does have the qualities venture capitalists seek such as a solid business plan, a good management team, investment and passion from the founders, a good potential to exit the investment before the end of their funding cycle, and target minimum returns in excess of 40% per year, it will find it easier to raise venture capital.
The venture capitalist objective is to invest in a company for a short period of time – say 5 years – and then cash out of the business while making a significant return on their investment.